全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1824篇 |
免费 | 173篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 52篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 64篇 |
2018年 | 68篇 |
2017年 | 68篇 |
2016年 | 70篇 |
2015年 | 125篇 |
2014年 | 113篇 |
2013年 | 130篇 |
2012年 | 186篇 |
2011年 | 149篇 |
2010年 | 104篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 74篇 |
2005年 | 75篇 |
2004年 | 79篇 |
2003年 | 58篇 |
2002年 | 68篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1997条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
Thais B. Bittar Yajuan Lin Lara R. Sassano Benjamin J. Wheeler Susan L. Brown William P. Cochlan Zackary I. Johnson 《Journal of phycology》2013,49(3):523-535
Marine phytoplankton have conserved elemental stoichiometry, but there can be significant deviations from this Redfield ratio. Moreover, phytoplankton allocate reduced carbon (C) to different biochemical pools based on nutritional status and light availability, adding complexity to this relationship. This allocation influences physiology, ecology, and biogeochemistry. Here, we present results on the physiological and biochemical properties of two evolutionarily distinct model marine phytoplankton, a diatom (cf. Staurosira sp. Ehrenberg) and a chlorophyte (Chlorella sp. M. Beijerinck) grown under light and nitrogen resource gradients to characterize how carbon is allocated under different energy and substrate conditions. We found that nitrogen (N)‐replete growth rate increased monotonically with light until it reached a threshold intensity (~200 μmol photons · m?2 · s?1). For Chlorella sp., the nitrogen quota (pg · μm?3) was greatest below this threshold, beyond which it was reduced by the effect of N‐stress, while for Staurosira sp. there was no trend. Both species maintained constant maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (mol C · mol photons?1) over the range of light and N‐gradients studied (although each species used different photophysiological strategies). In both species, C:chl a (g · g?1) increased as a function of light and N‐stress, while C:N (mol · mol?1) and relative neutral lipid:C (rel. lipid · g?1) were most strongly influenced by N‐stress above the threshold light intensity. These results demonstrated that the interaction of substrate (N‐availability) and energy gradients influenced C‐allocation, and that general patterns of biochemical responses may be conserved among phytoplankton; they provided a framework for predicting phytoplankton biochemical composition in ecological, biogeochemical, or biotechnological applications. 相似文献
53.
Cristina Gruas Isidro Álvarez Carlos Lara Cristina Belén García Demetris Savva M. Victoria Arruga 《Indian journal of microbiology》2013,53(2):142-148
Rapid and more sensitive methods for the detection and quantification of viable Legionella cells have been developed. In this paper, a comparative analysis of environmental water samples using the ScanVIT-Legionella? method and the traditional “gold standard” method of culturing is realised indicating the usefulness of the ScanVIT method. The ScanVIT-Legionella? method was performed on environmental water samples from different locations of Huesca region (Spain). Legionella micro-colonies should appear green colour and Legionella pneumophila micro-colonies appear red. Twenty-one environmental water samples analysed by standard culture plus five control samples (Two sterile water samples with Legionella as positive controls and three sterile water samples as negative controls). All of them were used to apply ScanVIT-Legionella? method. From of 21 environmental samples eleven were positive, six negative with both methods and four samples were negative for culture method and positive for ScanVIT-Legionella? method. The positive control samples were positive and the negative were negative for both methods. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with two methods showed a strong positive determination coefficient (R2 = 0.99753). The results demonstrate the usefulness of the ScanVIT-Legionella? method as a rapid diagnostic tool in order to provide a diagnosis as quick as possible. ScanVIT-Legionella? method offers a series of advantages such as quickly diagnosis, higher sensitivity and the possibility to identify Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila simultaneously. 相似文献
54.
Jaqueline Raymondi Silva Larissa Campos de Medeiros Vinícius Pinho dos Reis Juliana Helena Chávez Thiago Demarchi Munhoz Gustavo Puia Borges Otavio Augusto Brioschi Soares Carlos Henrique Coelho de Campos Rosangela Zacarias Machado Cristiane Divan Baldani Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues Silva Joice Lara Maia Faria Edson Elias da Silva Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(7):921-923
Since the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999, there have been several reports of WNV activity in Central and South American countries. To detect WNV in Brazil, we performed a serological survey of horses from different regions of Brazil using recombinant peptides from domain III of WNV. Positive samples were validated with the neutralisation test. Our results showed that of 79 ELISA-positive horses, nine expressed WNV-specific neutralising antibodies. Eight of the infected horses were from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and one was from the state of Paraíba. Our results provide additional evidence for the emergence of WNV in Brazil and for its circulation in multiple regions of the country. 相似文献
55.
J. V. García-Meza J. J. Fernández R. H. Lara I. González 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(13):6065-6075
Biofilms of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were grown on the surface of massive chalcopyrite electrodes (MCE) where different secondary sulfur phases were previously formed by potentiostatic oxidation of MCE at 0.780?≤?E an?≤?0.965 V (electrooxidized MCE, eMCE). The formation of mainly S0 and minor amounts of CuS and S n 2? were detected on eMCEs. The eMCEs were incubated with A. thiooxidans cells for 1, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h in order to temporally monitor changes in eMCE's secondary phases, biofilm structure, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition (lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides) using microscopic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and biochemical techniques. The results show significant cell attachments with stratified biofilm structure since the first hour of incubation and EPS composition changes, the most important being production after 48–120 h when the highest amount of lipids and proteins were registered. During 120 h, periodic oxidation/formation of S0/S n 2? was recorded on biooxidized eMCEs, until a stable CuS composition was formed. In contrast, no evidence of CuS formation was observed on the eMCEs of the abiotic control, confirming that CuS formation results from microbial activity. The surface transformation of eMCE induces a structural transformation of the biofilm, evolving directly to a multilayered biofilm with more hydrophobic EPS and proteins after 120 h. Our results suggest that A. thiooxidans responded to the spatial and temporal distribution and chemical reactivity of the S n 2?/S0/CuS phases throughout 120 h. These results suggested a strong correlation between surface speciation, hydrophobic domains in EPS, and biofilm organization during chalcopyrite biooxidation by A. thiooxidans. 相似文献
56.
Anush Kosakyan Fatma Gomaa Edward A.D. Mitchell Thierry J. Heger Enrique Lara 《European journal of protistology》2013,49(2):222-237
Species identification by means of morphology is often problematic in protists. Nebela tincta–collaris–bohemica (Arcellinida) is a species complex of small to medium-sized (ca.100 μm) testate amoebae common in peat bogs and forest soils. The taxonomic validity of characters used to define species within this group is debated and causes confusion in studies of biogeography, and applications in palaeoecology.We examined the relationship between morphological and genetic diversity within this species complex by combined analyses of light microscopy imaging and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1(COI) sequences obtained from the same individual amoeba cells. Our goals were (1) to clarify the taxonomy and the phylogenetic relationships within this group, and (2) to evaluate if individual genotypes corresponded to specific morphotypes and the extent of phenotypic plasticity.We show here that small variations in test morphology that have been often overlooked by traditional taxonomy correspond to distinct haplotypes. We therefore revise the taxonomy of the group. We redefine Nebela tincta (Leidy) Kosakyan et Lara and N. collaris (Ehrenberg 1848) Kosakyan et Gomaa, change N. tincta var. rotunda Penard to N. rotunda (Penard 1890), describe three new species: N. guttata n. sp. Kosakyan et Lara, N. pechorensis n. sp. Kosakyan et Mitchell, and N. aliciae n. sp. Mitchell et Lara. 相似文献
57.
Nagore G. Medina Francisco Lara Vicente Mazimpaka Joaquín Hortal 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2013,22(13-14):3121-3139
Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of species is plagued by significant taxonomic and geographic biases that influence the analyses on biodiversity patterns. Due to this, standard, easy-to-use methods are needed to design efficient field campaigns that minimize data deficiencies. We evaluate the applicability, usefulness and effectiveness of a survey design protocol based on the Environmental Diversity (ED) criterion under different scenarios, with examples of varying extent of environmental niche, range of spatial distribution and level of previous knowledge. We planned surveys for epiphytic bryophytes growing in three types of forests at NW Iberian Peninsula (dominated by Quercus ilex, Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica). Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of epiphytic bryophytes in this region presents large gaps and strong geographic biases. Besides, the three forest types differ in their environmental requirements, spatial distribution and level of previous knowledge, providing three working scenarios to test the response of the protocol under different situations. The protocol was implemented as a set of sequential selection rules, starting by an ED-based criterion aiming at maximizing the coverage of climatic and geographic variability; further criteria include an iterative set of qualitative properties: maximizing forest area, conservation status and accessibility. The protocol performed efficiently at different ranges of spatial distribution levels of environmental variability, and degree of previous knowledge and generated an even distribution of sampling points that efficiently covered the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes. The results show that ED protocols are a proficient and time-saving approach to select sampling sites by objective criteria also for groups with high dispersal ability and fragmented landscapes. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández Almudena Valenciano Palmira Foro-Arnalot María Jesús álvarez-Cubero José Manuel Cozar José Francisco Suárez-Novo Manel Castells-Esteve Adriana Ayala-Gil Pablo Fernández-Gonzalo Montse Ferrer Ferrán Guedea Gemma Sancho-Pardo Jordi Craven-Bartle María José Ortiz-Gordillo Patricia Cabrera-Roldán Estefanía Herrera-Ramos Pedro C. Lara 《PloS one》2013,8(7)